Math 221 Homework Week 7 - Latest - 1541 Words

Math 221 Homework Week 7 - LATEST IF You Want To Purcahse A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.acehomework.net/wp-admin/post.php?post=3168action=edit IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM 1. Math 221 Homework Week 7 - LATEST 2. 3. 4. Use the given statement to represent a claim. Write it’s complement and state which is Ho and which is Ha. u 635 Find the complement of the claim. u 635 2. A null and alternative hypothesis are given. Determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right tailed, or two-tailed. What type of test is being conducted in this problem? Answer: Right-tailed test 3. Write the null and alternative hypotheses. Identify which is†¦show more content†¦Z = 1.40 Area = 0.919 P Value = 0.081 Reject Ho At the 3% significance level, there is not enough evidence to support the administrator’s claim that the mean score for the state’s 8th graders on the exam is more than 270. 13. A company that makes cola drinks states that the mean caffeine content per 12-ounce bottle of cola is 45 milligrams. You want to test this claim. During your tests, you find that a random sample of thirty 12-ounce bottles of the cola has a mean caffeine content of 45.5 milligrams with a standard deviation of 6.1 milligrams. At a = 0.08, can you reject the company’s claim? The critical values are = 1.75 z = 0.45 Since z is not in the rejection region, fail to reject the null hypothesis. At the 8% significance level, there is not enough evidence to reject the company’s claim that the mean caffeine content per 12-ounce bottle of cola is equal to 45 milligrams. 14. A light bulb manufacturer guarantees that the mean life of a certain type of light bulb is at least 975 hours. A random sample of 72 light bulbs has a mean life of 954 hours with a standard deviation of 85 hours. Do you have enough evidence to reject the manufacturer’s claim? Use a = 0.04. Zo = -1.75 Z = -2.10 Reject Ho. There is sufficient evidence to reject the claim that mean bulb life is at least 975 hours. 15. An environmentalist estimates that the mean waste recycled by adults in the country is more than 1 pound per person per day. You want to this testShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPrinted in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 ExamView  ® and ExamView Pro  ® are registered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. 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Basic Economic Concepts Absolute And Comparative...

Basic Economic Concepts Absolute and Comparative Advantage Absolute Advantage is the comparison of productivity of a person, company, or nation to another person, company, or nation and the ability to produce with fewer inputs (what is used to make the product) than another producer. Comparative Advantage is the opportunity costs (what must be given up to obtain an item) between two producers and the ability to produce at lower opportunity costs than another producer. Absolute Advantage can be found in both goods that are produced by an individual, company, or nation, while Comparative Advantage is impossible to be found in both goods that are produced by an individual, company, or nation. Although Absolute Advantage is important in international trade, Comparative Advantage plays a larger part and is a key factor in international trade. N. George Mankiw states, â€Å"The principle of comparative advantage states that each good should be produced by the country that has the smaller opportunity cost of producing that good† (2014, p . 58). The downfall is that some individuals may be worse off from international trade, while the country’s overall well-being is better off. Absolute and Comparative Advantage are a large part of international trade, which can be beneficial to the economy as a whole. A company in one country being able to use fewer inputs in productivity than another company in a different country is one of the benefits of Absolute Advantage in internationalShow MoreRelatedMajor Trade Theories888 Words   |  4 PagesTrade theories Introduction The concept of absolute advantage is one of the most fundamental areas of concern in the study of economics. 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The concept of majority of economistRead MoreBusiness in the International Economy1704 Words   |  7 PagesEnormous growth of cross-border trade and investment. 5. Many firms have successfully lowered trade and investment barriers by Ans. Petitioning the World Trade Organization. 6. Which of the following most supports Country A and Country B becoming an economic bloc? Ans. Geographic proximity to each other. 7. All of the following are typical characteristics of emerging markets except Ans. Low inward foreign direct investment. 8. If last year one dollar equalled one euro, and then the exchange rate shiftedRead MoreAbsolute Advantage By Adam Smith Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesAbsolute advantage is the ability of a country, individual, company or region to produce a good or service at a lower cost per unit than the cost at which any other entity produces that same good or service. The main concept of absolute advantage is generally attributed to Adam Smith for his 1776 publication An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in which he countered mercantilist ideas Ricardo (International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2007). Adam Smith, the classicalRead MoreEssay on International Trade Simulation987 Words   |  4 Pages explain the basic concept of International Trade, emphasize the four key points from the reading assignments in the simulation, and apply these concepts to my workplace. Simulation Summary In the International Trade simulation, you are the Trade Representative of a small country called Rodamia. You are introduced to international trade--the theory of comparative advantage and the impact of tariffs, quotas, and dumping on international trade (Applying International Trade Concepts, 2003). 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Evaluation of Literary Elements an Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. Essay Example For Students

Evaluation of Literary Elements: an Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. Essay An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge: Evaluation of Literary Elements Swinging from a noose off a railroad trellis, many thoughts race through a condemned man’s mind. In â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,† Ambrose Bierce effectively uses literary elements to allow the reader to look through the keyhole of the mind of a dying man in his last moments of life. Elements such as realism, flashback, metaphor/simile, setting, point of view, and character allow the reader to become immersed in an intrigue of the main character’s psyche. The story begins with the events immediately leading to the hanging. This rrangement of time encourages the reader to formulate questions regarding the past. Effectively, the author uses flashback to supply information about the character’s family and the events leading up to the hanging. The reader learns that Peyton Farquhar, the main character, is a civilian with a strong desire to serve the Southern Cause. (Bierce 1, Act II) He is setup by a Federal Scout posing as a Confederate soldier (Bierce 2, Act II, 24) with information that will eventually lead to Peyton Farquhar’s demise. The entire second act of this story is flashback and is designed to answer the reader’s inevitable questions. Metaphor is used most noticeably in the opening section of the story. The phrase â€Å"Death is a dignitary† (Bierce 3, Act I) evokes images of an older, dignified gentleman with a quiet, reserved personality. Likewise, the explanation of military etiquette shows respect for death in the formal, quiet, ceremonious way the hanging was accomplished. This was especially evident in the motionless state of the company observing the hanging. (Bierce 4, Act I) In addition, I found dignity and respect was even given to the main character. He was still in possession of his watch, for example. Also, comparison is made using simile. â€Å"They (pains) seemed like streams of pulsating fire, heating him to an intolerable temperature. †(Bierce 5, Act III) allows the reader to imagine the intensity of the pain. This comparison is particularly effective because the sensations of heat and cold are some to the first learned sensations experienced in early childhood. Ambrose Bierce uses very effective descriptions, allowing the reader to visualize the events. The setting of the story is enhanced by these descriptions. Not only does the author tell the reader that the story takes place during the Civil War, but descriptions of weapons, uniforms, and other surroundings place the reader in that time and add to the believability of the story. For example, the â€Å"rustic bench near the entrance to his grounds† gives the reader and image of a large estate with a bench at the entrance, perhaps a cast iron bench with a green cast from mold growing in the shade of large trees on the plantation. The phrase â€Å"a light cloud of blue smoke rising from the muzzle† gives the reader an image of the gun and dates the gun’s operation. The use of a cannon in the story also adds to the Civil War setting. The third person point-of-view is used in a compelling way by the author. By describing the events in great detail as the main character sees them, the passage of time is slowed. The events described during the character’s hallucination, â€Å"actually takes place in only the few seconds of his free fall† (Hall 1) suggesting â€Å"that time is subjective and relative to the observer. † (Hall 2) Normally, one would consider someone trying to sabotage a bridge to be the antagonist of the story. However, in this story, the main character has become the protagonist by virtue of being the underdog. He was duped into his actions due to a setup by a Federal Scout, eliciting the sympathy of the reader. In addition, stronger sympathies are likely to be had by readers in the South due in large part to stereotyping. In conclusion, the literary techniques used by Ambrose Bierce made â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† a compelling story that captures the reader’s attention through unanswered questions and a surprise ending. Detail adds to the setting, making the story realistic. .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 , .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .postImageUrl , .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 , .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:hover , .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:visited , .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:active { border:0!important; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:active , .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91 .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e9af85116844ec190b984f4fa0c8f91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Battered Woman Syndrome Defense EssayThe author’s use of comparison adds to the detail, engaging the reader as though he was present at the events of the story. In addition, the sympathy felt by the reader with the protagonist, makes the final moments of the character’s death resonate an emotional response. Works Cited: Bierce, Ambrose. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Alsion Booth, J. Paul Hunter, Kelly J. Mays. W. W. Norton Company: New York, 2006. 507-513 Hall, Michael. â€Å"Owl Creek Bridge- Ambrose Bierce. † Generation CobWeb. 19 July 2007

Relevance of Karl Von Clausewitz’s idea on War an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Relevance of Karl Von Clausewitz’s idea on War Introduction Karl Von Clausewitz was a Prussian soldier, military theorist and philosopher who is best remembered for his notable book on military strategies 'On War', published in 1832, a year after his death. Clausewitz was a contemporary of Napoleon Bonaparte and participated in almost all the major Napoleonic war to the Battle of Waterloo where Prussian army under Clausewitz played an important part in eventual defeat of Napoleon (Clausewitz and Jolles, 1950, xxiii). From his long experience in wars and battles Clausewitz developed a practical philosophy of War, which can be better understood as a collection of recommended actions and policies that should be adopted in war, with the motto of not only winning the war but using it effectually in the longer run for the stability and strength of the state. Need essay sample on "Relevance of Karl Von Clausewitzs idea on War" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The thoughts, insights and practical working philosophy of Clausewitz heavily influenced later German national policies and acted as guiding principles for aggressive and ruthless actions and initial success of Germany in the Second World War (Clausewitz and Jolles, 1950, xxv). With the invention of weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles many theorists labeled Clausewitz obsolete in the new paradigm of warfare. However, the relevance of the doctrine of Clausewitz is evident it served as foundation of US action in Gulf war and the continuing war against terrorism, proving the timelessness of the Cluasewitz's ideas on war. Clausewitz's idea on war One of the most famous statements of Clausewitz, that war is a mere continuation of policy of state by other means (Clausewitz and Jolles, 1950, xxv, 16) has successfully withstood the test of times and changing nature of conflict. It is still heralded as the beacon for policy and strategy guideline in functioning of governments and even business world. But the reason why Clausewitz work continues to hold importance is that he viewed conflict and war in terms of interest of nation-states, thus identifying their role in protection and support of an organizational entity (Beyerchen). Indeed, strategists consider the work of Clausewitz to be of such immense and broad character that it is possible to take almost any position and justification under its framework. Clausewitz developed his analysis after carefully scrutinizing Napoleonic wars, his success and the consequences in the larger context of state, people and society. Clausewitz studied wars as an extension of state policies and from a perspective that recognized political participation of citizens in determining the outcome of a war. But beginning with his practical approach towards war, it is necessary to see what Clausewitz himself says about war. Clausewitz defines war as 'an act of force to compel our adversary to do our will" (Clausewitz and Jolles, 1950, 3). Clausewitz further states that the artistic and philanthropist impressions of conducting war without much blood shed and casualty is a mistaken belief and war must be conducted with one's full strength and capacity thereby not allowing the adversary any mileage or else, as Clausewitz points out, the adversary would use the same ruthless force to its own advantage (Ibid). There are claims by many later age historians and war theorists that Clausewitz's views are typical of 19th century warfare, and lack relevance in the modern technical age of warfare, conducted with help of satellite and laser guided missiles and stealth bombers. However a reading of Clausewitz suggests that he did not merely defined strategies to be followed by army and political rule in the time of war or in the manner that the war is conducted. Rather he worked on evolving a thought process that made strategy in war a human science (Reid, 2003). Clausewitz also laid emphasis on strategy where military-strategic thought forms an important part in the event of contest. Clausewitz's emphasis and understanding of strategy have withstood even the complex nature of conflict as presented during the cold war and through development of sophisticated technologies and an increasingly networked society (Reid, 2003). In an increasingly complex and networked society based more and more technological foundation, the utility of Clausewitz's ideas on philosophy of war still applies, retaining its appropriateness in the network-centric management of warfare (Reid, 2003). Clausewitz's representation of war as a 'remarkable trinity' consisting of sentiments of people, rational policies of the nation-state, and the combination of unforeseeable and fortuitous events in battle ground also holds true in the various conflicts in past half century. As a theorist of war, Clausewitz proclaimed that war is a non linear phenomenon. It does not proceed or occur in isolation, rather it takes place as a part of complex system involving politics and military action where every act in the war establishes set of new policies (Beyerchen). On this front the course of war, in the opinion of Clausewitz, is completely unpredictable and depends on a number of unrelated factors that may turn the events in most unforeseeable directions (Beyerchen). Relevance of Clausewitz's idea on war The relevance of Clausewitz's theories in the present time are due to the fact unlike other military strategists who either concentrated merely on conduct of warfare, or mere philosophies of war,, his theories are built around war with social, political, psychological and emotional elements. Some of the major ideas of Clausewitz (1950) that still hold military, strategic and political importance are The requirement on part of civilian and political leaders to understand the scope and purpose of war before embarking upon one. Failure to do so has often resulted in defeat in the battlefield, as evinced by Vietnam war. War and politics cannot exist without each other and for the success of war it must reflect political considerations. Fog and Friction play crucial role in making a war inherent unpredictable. Fog refers to uncertainty in weather conditions that can turn even the best prepared plans to ruin, while friction refers to events that marks different between real war and paper war. A classic example of fog is the D-day assault on 6th June, 1945 at Normandy Beach when sudden reversal of weather condition had caused Allied forces to suffer heavy initial casualties. Center of Gravity is the point suggested by Clausewitz where principle thrust and effort should be directed in the war to achieve decisive advantages over the adversary Culmination point of attack and victory define the way a attacker and defender behave in extreme situations. The culmination point of attack occurs when the attacker is exhausted and holds no more stamina to move forward, while the culmination point of victory is the point where a country takes last great stand, refusing to further defeats and losses. Diversion to draw enemy forces away from the main target. Moral elements are important in boosting the confidence of soldiers along with giving them a cause to fight the war. It is surprising to note that despite the fact the Clausewitz developed these theories in a time when armies fought on horseback, using short range muskets and unwieldy guns, they are still applicable today and the terms used by him, with appropriate translation have permanently entered the military jargon. Reference Clausewitz von, K, translated by Jolles, MOJ, 1950, ,On War, Infantry Journal Press, Washington Dc, 1950. Beyerchen, AD, Clausewitz, Nonlinearity, and the Importance of Imagery. Reid, J, 2003, Foucault on Clausewitz: Conceptualizing the Relationship between War and Power. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. Volume: 28. Issue: 1.:

Frederick Douglass Essays - Slave Narratives, Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an emancipated slave who passed from one master to another until he finally found the satisfaction of being his own; he went through almost as many names as masters. His mother's family name, traceable at least as far back as 1701 (FD, 5) was Bailey, the name he bore until his flight to freedom in 1838. His father may or may not have been a white man named Anthony, but Douglass never firmly validated or rejected this possibility. During transit to New York (where he became a freedman) his name became Stanley, and upon arrival he changed it again to Johnson. In New Bedford, where there were too many Johnson's, he found it necessary to change it once more, and his final choice was Douglass, taken, as suggested to him by a white friend and benefactor, from a story by Sir Walter Scott (although the character in that story bore only a single 's' in his name). All throughout, he clung to Frederick, to 'preserve a sense of my identity' (Norton, 1988). This succession of names is illustrative of the transformation undergone by one returning from the world of the dead, which in a sense is what the move from oppression to liberty is. Frederick Douglass not only underwent a transformation but, being intelligent and endowed with the gift of Voice, he brought back with him a sharp perspective on the blights of racism and slavery. Dropped into America during the heat of reform as he was, his appearance on the scene of debate, upon his own self-emancipation, was a valuable blessing for the abolitionists. In their struggles so far, there had been many skilled arguers but few who could so convincingly portray the evils of slavery, an act which seemed to demand little short of firsthand experience, but which also required a clear understanding of it. Douglass had both, and proved himself an incredibly powerful weapon for reform. While the identity of his father is uncertain, it is generally accepted that the man was white, giving Douglass a mixed ancestry. Mirroring this, he was also blessed with an eye that could bring into focus different perspectives and, just as many multi-racial children today are able to speak multiple languages with ease, he had the ability to translate in the most eloquent fashion between the worlds of the black man and white man. Thus, ironically, the torturous beginning of Douglass' existence was inadvertently made (by him) into a treasure for 'us' (being mainly white America). The story of the American Dream, wherein a young man, born into a hostile world, never loses sight of one goal, is not all that distant in theme from Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass. The story of the American Dream has been embedded deeply in our (American) culture from the beginning. Similarly anchored in the American consciousness is the presence of a 'slavery-complex'. Along these lines Douglass' role is a major one, for relatively few first-hand accounts of slavery as powerful and representative as his exist, in light of the magnitude of the crime, and few voices have been as far-reaching. More recent heirs of this 'office' such as Malcolm X have carried the torch further, just as America's racial sickness still clings to our collective consciousness. Frederick Douglass has been described as 'bicultural'. In other words, he occupied a middleground shared by blacks and whites alike. This designation proves to be thematically consistent with his biological (if we are to take his word for it) as well as psychological characteristics. Dual-natured in this fashion, he is made accountable for both sides. This can be seen in his gravitation towards freedom when he was a slave, and manifests itself just as strongly in his vision, once he was able to look back, of the 'graveyard of the mind' that American slavery was for him -- as it was for the rest of black America. "They would sometimes sing the most pathetic sentiment in the most rapturous tone, and the most rapturous sentiment in the most pathetic tone...they would sing, as a chorus...words which to many would seem unmeaning jargon, but which, nevertheless, were full of meaning to themselves. I have

Brands and Marketing Communications

Brands and Marketing Communications Introduction Although the telecommunications industry is growing, it is also fiercely competitive. Before competition ruled the market, telecommunications service providers paid very little attention to customers needs. Today, however, customers have become more educated and more demanding as well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brands and Marketing Communications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a global economy increasingly characterized by service industries shaped by technology, customers are impatient for services customized to their individual needs and expect them to be offered at lower prices with each new rollout. Customer centered marketing, once a differentiation tactic for the telecommunications providers, has become a survival strategy (Strouse 2004, p. 4). Due to the fierce competition that is prevalent in today’s telecommunications industry, many firms in the industry are forced to spend a l ot of time planning how best to market products and services. This paper examines some of the strategies that have been used by competing firms to increase visibility and grow profits. Specifically, the paper will focus on how marketing communications can help to support and maintain brands. Integrated Marketing Communications Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is a marketing approach in which a firm brings different marketing modes together in a unified operation. Although the implementation of IMC may be quite demanding, this is nothing when compared to the expected returns. Generally, IMC helps to successfully move customers through the various stages of their buying process and increases profits through increased effectiveness. By using IMC effectively, it is possible for a firm to maintain its brand, consolidate its image, and bond a customer for life. The use of a unified message often leads to a greater impact than separate messages.Advertising Looking for essa y on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At another level, research suggests that images shared across advertising and direct mail campaigns boost advertising awareness and, simultaneously, increase response to the mailshot (Smith et al. 1999). IMC can also boost sales by stretching messages across both communication tools and business functions to create more awareness for customers to become aroused and, ultimately, buy a product or a service on a repeat basis. Carefully linked messages help buyers by providing them with timely reminders, relevant information and, where necessary, special offers which move them more comfortably through the stages of their buying process, reducing the misery of choice in a complex and busy world. Using IMC also increases the reliability of any marketing strategy and helps to clear any doubts in the mind of the consumer regarding the firm’s brand. Little effort is the refore spent by the consumer when making brand comparisons. When IMC is used, there is also the possibility of saving costs since some aspects of the marketing communication may be shared by different modes. The firm can also reduce extra charges by using a single agent. But even with several agencies, time can also be saved in meetings, whether strategic, tactical or just briefings, which bring all the disciplines together. As well as fusing bright minds into synergistic sparks, multi disciplinary meetings reduce repetition which in turn reduces workloads and subsequent stress levels. Lastly, the internal benefits of integrated marketing communications should not be forgotten. Integration can continue beyond communications to all the other elements of the marketing mix decisions such as product decisions, price decisions, and place decisions, so that the customer is presented with a complete, comprehensive and consistent pattern. In turn, the marketing mix decisions will be better integrated with the other business functions (Smith et al. 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brands and Marketing Communications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disintegrated communications, on the other hand, send disjointed messages which dilute message impact and sometimes confuse, frustrate and arguably arouse anxiety in some customers. In contrast, integrated communications present a reasoned sense of order. Customer relations are also reinforced by the use of regular images and messages that are relevant and useful. Situational Analysis A situational analysis is usually carried out to gain an understanding of the operational environment. Activities may include undertaking strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (PESTEL) analysis or Porter’s five forces model of competitive structure. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis for a firm in the telecommunications industry may include a number of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis is best represented by figure 1. Figure 1: SWOT Matrix (Sahaf 2008, p. 31) It is obvious that for any firm to make the best use of its capabilities and market position it would attempt to maximize its strengths and opportunities and minimize its weaknesses and threats, SWOT analysis as demonstrated by figure 1 can offer four conceptually distinct alternate segments to the firm. These alternative segments are: Maximize-maximize (SO), Minimize-maximize (WO), Maximize-minimize (ST), and Minimize-minimize (WT) PESTEL Analysis This covers an analysis of current and potential influences from political pressures. Changes in laws and regulations as well as a country’s political conditions must also be examined thoroughly. Economically, it is also important to consider both local and global issues such as declines. Socially, a firm may need to a nalyze how different changes in the society will affect the market condition.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technologically, it is necessary to consider how the emergence of new technology in the industry will affect the firm’s performance. Legal issues are concerned with the effect of both national and world legislation. Finally, an environmental analysis will focus on local, national, and world environmental issues. This is demonstrated by figure 2. Figure 2: The environment facing the marketing manager (Sahaf 2008, p. 35) The external environment that consists of forces from economic, technological, legal-political, competitive, and socio-cultural has far reaching implications on the working and performance of the organization. The study of the environment is thus a prerequisite for the success of any strategy. Porter’s Five Forces Model of Competitive Structure This is a useful framework for analyzing the nature and identity of competition in a given industry (Sahaf 2008, p. 62). To determine the state of the competition in a market, Porter argued that managers need to identify the structure of the market in terms of five basic competitive forces. These forces are shown in figure 2. Figure 3: Porter’s Five Forces of Competition (Sahaf 2008, p. 63) These forces not only have a greater impact on the profit potential, but also on the relative market power of competitors in an industry. The study of these forces would help a marketer to determine the attractiveness of the industry and the prospects for earning a return on his investment. Consumer Analysis Under consumer analysis, the marketing managers should be concerned with issues of segmentation, targeting, positioning and analysis of the existing competition. As can be seen from figure 2, the marketing microenvironment is composed of forces close to the company that affect its ability to serve customers, including company strengths and weaknesses, as well as company suppliers, and competitors. The macro environment is composed of the larger political, legal, economic, socio-cultural, and technological forces that influence the microenvironment. To manage the growth and prosperity of a firm in a dynamic marketing environment, managers need to study such elements within the environment that can influence a firm’s response to the environmental opportunities and threats (Peattie Peters 1978). Since such forces have a direct influence, or an effect on the marketing efforts, managers need to assess the forces in order to match their firm’s and marketing environment. Environmental study enables the managers to identify, evaluate and respond to the environmental forces that may influence their marketing decisions. Marketing Objectives and Marketing Communications Objectives In coming up with marketing objectives and marketing communications objectives, it is necessary for the marketing manager to consider relevant factual data that was obtained during the situation analysis stage. He or she should interpret their meaning and consequences for the firm’s product line in terms of opportunities that were identified. Goals should then be set in terms of what the firm wants to achieve during the current planning period. When coming up with the goals, it is important for the marketing manager to ensure that they are specific, measurable, realistic, achievable, and time bound. The marketing manager needs to generate assumptions and projections about future conditions and trends with regard to the economy, technology, and socio-cultural and political aspects such as legislation and taxes (Dalgic 1998, p. 53). It is imperative for the marketing communications objectives to consider how the communications mix can be used to strengthen the firm’s brand and market position. The Marketing Mix The marketing mix is a blend of the four variables or strategy elements to fit the needs and preferences of a specific target market. Each strategy is a variable in the mix. A specific combination of these variables determines the success of the ma rketing efforts. The mix also consists of everything the firm can do to increase the demand for its products. The 4Ps are product, price, place, and promotion and are briefly explained as follows. Product Product refers to anything that is capable of or can be offered to satisfy a need or want. It is essential for the firm to have a clear description of the product in a social marketing campaign at different levels. Price Price refers to the amount the customer has to pay in order to acquire a product or service. It is often aimed at minimizing costs by maximizing incentives to reward desired behavior or to discourage undesirable behaviors. By offering prices that are competitive, the firm will be able to retain its customers for a very long time and attract new ones. Place Generally, place refers to the point of sale. Strategies related to the system or channel management need to be provided to ensure that they will be as convenient and pleasant as possible for the customer to enga ge in the targeted behavior and access related products and services. Promotion Promotion refers to all the activities undertaken to make the product or service known to and preferred among the user and trade. Information on product benefits and features, fair price and easy accessibility require effective and efficient communications to bring goods and services to the target audience and inspire action. Marketers should resort to these tools to create, communicate, and deliver values for their targeted behaviors. Although the 4Ps can be thought of as being independent, they are not isolated and are used as determinants to influence the dependent variables; the behaviors of the target market. It is the synergy of the 4Ps that makes a truly social marketing campaign possible. Implementation A plan for monitoring and evaluating a social marketing campaign is needed before the final budget and implementation plans are made. It needs to be referred back to the goals established for the campaign. Monitoring is a measurement conducted sometime after the launch of a new campaign, but before its completion. It is conducted to determine if midcourse corrections are needed to ensure that marketing goals are realized. Recommendations and Conclusion To survive in the present business environment that is often characterized by very stiff competition, it pays to spend time and plan effectively how the firm’s goods and services will reach the consumers. There is need for the firm to carry out a thorough situational analysis as well as a consumer analysis. SWOT and PESTEL analysis are two approaches that may be used to assess the firm’s capability and to understand the operating environment. The marketing managers may also make use of Porter’s five forces model of competitive structure to understand the environment. By gaining a good understanding of the operating environment and the existing competition, the firm will be in a better position to devise a plan that will help it realize its objectives. Eventually, the firm will be able to maintain its brand and strengthen its position in the market. Reference List Dalgic, T 1998, ‘Dissemination of Market Orientation in Europe: A Conceptual and Historical Evaluation’, International Marketing Review, 15 (1): 45 – 60. Peattie, K Peters, L 1997, ‘The Marketing Mix in the Third of Computing’, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 15 (3): 142 – 50. Sahaf, MA 2008, Strategic Marketing: Making Decisions for Strategic Advantage, PHI Learning Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. Smith, PR, Pulford, A, Berry, C, Smith, PR. 1999, Strategic Marketing Communications: New Ways to Build and Integrate Communications with Disk, Kogan Page Publishers, London. Strouse, KG 2004, Customer-Centered Telecommunications Services Marketing, Artech House, Norwood, MA.

Name As Object Of Self-Identical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Name As Object Of Self-Identical - Essay Example In addition, names are responsible for how we first perceive ourselves. Parents after naming their children interact with them using these names. Names describe a person’s present self and more often than not they help people in forming their own first impressions. Names, whether given by parents or individually chosen are key in developing one’s self-identity. People try to live up or run away from their names. The concept of self-identity, in recent years, has been the subject of many psychological, social and anthropology discussions (Perry, 2002, p4). This essay will analyze the influence a name or names have on the self-identity of a person, culture, organization or country. In anthropology, the term self-identity is usually in the context of ethnic identity. That is the perception of oneself, or self-sameness, in regard to others. Their joint characteristics of language and culture of the group form the group’s identity. Names and identities are peas in a pod. They are similar in nature as people confuse the two quite a lot. Names can refer to identities but they do not dictate an object’s or person’s self-identity. Names, unlike other identifying markers, are not subject to stereotyping. People rarely associate a name with a behavior or reputation; however, the name provides a platform from which a person judges his fellow human. A name, let us say â€Å"John†, quickly resonates with people. From this name, people are able to quickly know your background, compare you to other â€Å"Johns† they know, among other relevant information they have on the name â€Å"John†. These observations summarize the powerful effects a name has on others. After birth, parents spend plenty of time researching and considering the name they will give to their child (Perry, 2002, p5). Several factors are considered when choosing a child’s name as it prepares the child for the future. Parents will give strong names for their boys and feminine names for the boys. Majority of parents will choose names that are not prone to teasing or mocking by other children or people when they grow up.